Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 801–900

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
WushanChinauntil 207069.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1985–1990
Al GharrafIraqfrom 201069.4K
  • Low confidence 2100
DassuPakistanfrom 201569.2K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
Phumi RoesseiCambodiafrom 202069.1K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2020–2030
AngrenUzbekistanfrom 202069.1K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
OkogbeNigeriafrom 202569.0K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
HartishekEthiopiafrom 201069.0K
  • Low confidence 2015, 2025–2100
MuswaswaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205068.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
May Wando MadougouNigerfrom 208568.9K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
YangtianChina1995–208068.9K
  • Low confidence 1995–2070
  • Built share under 1% 1995–2010
JalesarIndia1975–210068.7K
  • Low confidence 1975–2010
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2045
UtraulaIndia1975–210068.7K
  • Low confidence 1975–2000
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2000
NgangiUgandafrom 209068.7K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Az ZuhrahYemenfrom 203568.6K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
WalunguDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 199068.5K
  • Low confidence 1990, 2075–2100
  • Population jump 2035
KosanNorth Korea1975–210068.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
천성로동자구North Koreauntil 209568.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
Zango V CentralityAngolafrom 202068.5K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
LuabaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 210068.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
Laem ChabangThailand2035–207568.4K
  • Low confidence 2035–2075
SohungNorth Korea1975–210068.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–2005
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
RamboDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204568.2K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
KabweDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207568.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
NatingaSouth Sudanfrom 201568.1K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2015–2060
NayongChinauntil 208068.1K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2000
Unnamed centre near Keti BandarPakistanfrom 208068.0K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Population jump 2090
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
KundiawaPapua New Guineafrom 200567.9K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2005–2010
BilchiraghAfghanistanfrom 207567.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Wadi al BabYemenfrom 205067.9K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
Unnamed centre near DaromeharPakistanfrom 207067.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
Unnamed centre near ZīrakīAfghanistanfrom 203567.8K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2035–2080
  • Unnamed 2035–2100
Sido DadiIndonesiauntil 199567.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
Unnamed centre near LāshAfghanistanfrom 206067.8K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2060–2085
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
KaluenduDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207067.8K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
MpalaAngolafrom 209567.8K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
IkotosSouth Sudanfrom 202067.7K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
MallanwanIndia1975–210067.7K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
  • Population jump 2020
JinzhouChina1995–206067.6K
  • Low confidence 2030–2060
Al MaythalYemenfrom 209567.6K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
NyaunglebinMyanmar1975–210067.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
BimbalPakistanfrom 207067.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
PalaIndia1975–210067.5K
  • Low confidence 1980
GongChinauntil 206067.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
KhondabIranfrom 200067.4K
  • Low confidence 2000–2100
MeitanChinauntil 208567.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
SigmoEthiopiafrom 201067.2K
  • Low confidence 2015, 2025–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2010–2025
SirsaganjIndia1975–210067.1K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
NauelaMozambiquefrom 207567.1K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
MarongoUgandafrom 206567.1K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
SolemoEthiopiafrom 201567.1K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
SeloAlbaniauntil 197567.1K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Built share under 1% 1975
Jabra Al SheikhSudanfrom 201567.1K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2015
Abu `AjurahSudanfrom 201067.0K
  • Low confidence 2010–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2010
Sange ShandaAfghanistanfrom 200566.9K
  • Low confidence 2005–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2005–2075
  • Area under 5 km² 2005–2025
  • Small and dense in 2025 2025
MawfadYemenfrom 201066.9K
  • Low confidence 2010–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2010–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2010–2020
Unnamed centre near LikasiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206566.8K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
QuipungoAngolafrom 201566.8K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
BrabantaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202066.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020
DongamIndiafrom 201566.8K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2015
ChengxiangChinauntil 205066.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–2015
Kuala SimpangIndonesia1975–210066.8K
  • Low confidence 1975
LafonSouth Sudanfrom 202066.7K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2035–2040
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2025
  • Small and dense in 2025 2025
Umm KaddadaSudanfrom 200566.6K
  • Low confidence 2005–2015, 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2005
BulwaTanzaniafrom 207566.6K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
BaghranAfghanistanfrom 207066.5K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
KagungaBurundifrom 209066.5K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KungweTanzaniafrom 209066.5K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
IntichoEthiopiafrom 201066.3K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
DoabAfghanistanfrom 205066.2K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2050–2055
OpoboNigeriafrom 201066.2K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2010–2015
KelelaEthiopiafrom 204066.2K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
WanyuanChinauntil 208066.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
ErerEthiopiafrom 199566.2K
  • Low confidence 1995–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 1995–2100
  • Small and dense 1995–2100
NejrabAfghanistanfrom 202066.1K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
Qal`ah-ye Sang-e TakhtAfghanistanfrom 202066.1K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2020–2070
  • Area under 5 km² 2020
官潭村China1990–207066.0K
  • Low confidence 1995
AndrebakelyMadagascarfrom 208566.0K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
RukwindiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203565.7K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
SinwonNorth Korea1975–210065.7K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
Bed-i-KalanAfghanistanfrom 201565.7K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2015–2050
GitubweBurundifrom 207065.6K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
ዳባትEthiopiafrom 199565.6K
  • Low confidence 1995–2000
  • Area under 5 km² 1995–2000
Bena-PembeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209065.6K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
Unnamed centre near BalykchyKyrgyzstanfrom 202565.5K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2025–2100
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
BelaPakistanfrom 204065.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Baunu-TimbanganPhilippinesuntil 199065.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1990
  • Unnamed 1975–1990
Unnamed centre near LikasiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 210065.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
Yirga CheffeEthiopiafrom 203565.5K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
Xiqu DistrictChinauntil 208565.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–2005
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985, 1995–2005
千金沟China1980–206565.4K
  • Low confidence 1980–2065
  • Area under 5 km² 1980–2065
Rashaida Al HafayerSudanfrom 202065.3K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
MadakaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203565.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
MasisiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 201065.2K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2010–2030
FarsooleySomaliafrom 209565.2K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
ZijerdIranfrom 200065.2K
  • Low confidence 2000–2100
SandiIndiauntil 201565.1K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2015
FatehabadIndia1975–210065.1K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
KattappanaIndia1975–210065.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–2005
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
DadusPhilippinesuntil 198065.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1980
  • Unnamed 1975–1980
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 205564.9K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2055–2070
  • Unnamed 2055–2100