Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 2,501–2,600

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
NyembaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207544.2K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
PasamanIndonesiauntil 198044.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
Adi ArkayEthiopiafrom 202544.2K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
Ash ShurahIraqfrom 206544.2K
  • Low confidence 2100
WudianChinauntil 201544.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
JinoSomaliafrom 210044.2K
  • Low confidence 2100
AmoulChadfrom 207544.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Unnamed centre near Alto MolocueMozambiquefrom 208544.1K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 209544.1K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 209044.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
FengheChinauntil 198044.1K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
OsomariNigeriafrom 203044.1K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
KujangNorth Korea1990–208544.1K
  • Low confidence 1990–2005
Unnamed centre in MozambiqueMozambiquefrom 205544.1K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near CuambaMozambiquefrom 207044.1K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207044.1K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
AgenebodeNigeriafrom 204044.1K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
SimalwaraIndia1995–200544.1K
  • Low confidence 1995–2005
  • Area under 5 km² 1995–2000
Mwanga BTanzaniafrom 209544.1K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Adh Dhira`Yemenfrom 203044.1K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030
MangaikaMadagascarfrom 209044.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2090–2100
Unnamed centre near KanyobagongaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209544.1K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
MaksemuDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209044.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
Tuulada WalamooySomaliafrom 207044.0K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
GohouoCôte d'Ivoirefrom 209044.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2090–2100
KimandaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204544.0K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2045–2100
Unnamed centre near LueboDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204044.0K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Birkat SairaSudanfrom 207044.0K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2070–2100
BingiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205044.0K
  • Low confidence 2100
Afar YakSomaliafrom 206044.0K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2060
Unnamed centre near Malemba-NkuluDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209044.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
HajjikheylAfghanistanfrom 206544.0K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
DusmarebSomaliafrom 202544.0K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
KakingaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208544.0K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Afgoye-YareySomaliafrom 207044.0K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Population jump 2080
  • Area under 5 km² 2070–2075
Unnamed centre near MuanguejiAngolafrom 210044.0K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
Haike MeshalEthiopiafrom 207044.0K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Saé SaouniNigerfrom 209044.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
YanglinweiChinauntil 200043.9K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
LaiagamPapua New Guineafrom 204543.9K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
DogdoréChadfrom 207043.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
XingouChinauntil 200543.9K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
Sikandra RaoIndia2005–201543.9K
  • Low confidence 2005–2015
  • Area under 5 km² 2005–2015
  • Tiny footprint 2005–2015
  • Unnamed 2005–2015
Balanbale بلنبلهEthiopiafrom 204043.9K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
ShewanAfghanistanfrom 205043.9K
  • Low confidence 2100
Ch'Elelek'AEthiopiafrom 208043.9K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2080–2100
Gal-HareriSomaliafrom 203543.9K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2035–2100
М. ТургунбоеваUzbekistanfrom 204543.9K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
Al KhabbYemenfrom 202043.9K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2020–2045
  • Area under 5 km² 2020
MaroharanaMadagascarfrom 210043.8K
  • Low confidence 2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208043.8K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
Malha WellsSudanfrom 203543.8K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2035–2050
Unnamed centre near Sh'īarīahSudanfrom 204543.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2045–2100
KipambaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207043.8K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
NinglaozhuangChinauntil 198043.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
  • Tiny footprint 1975–1980
AdagallaEthiopiafrom 202043.8K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2100
  • Small and dense 2020–2100
Unnamed centre near AlamataEthiopiafrom 210043.8K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
Unnamed centre in EthiopiaEthiopiafrom 206043.8K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
Inch'IniEthiopiafrom 209043.8K
  • Low confidence 2095
BuseneneDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207543.8K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KyauktagaMyanmaruntil 206043.8K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
MishiChinauntil 197543.7K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
MashaEthiopiafrom 202543.7K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025
Al Wuday`Yemenfrom 207543.7K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2075
GhoshtaraAfghanistanfrom 208043.7K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
K'UremanyoEthiopiafrom 210043.7K
  • Low confidence 2100
QiuxiChina1985–199543.7K
  • Low confidence 1985
Unnamed centre near KoāthIndiafrom 202543.7K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
MukomgoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208543.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
MalongaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208043.6K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Wegel TenaEthiopiauntil 197543.6K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
Bakwa-SekaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204543.6K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Kombo a MunjaCameroonfrom 210043.6K
  • Low confidence 2100
KabumbuDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208543.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
KatondoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206043.6K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2060–2075
Nana CandundoAngolafrom 209043.6K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KepiIndonesiafrom 203543.6K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
MafisaTanzaniafrom 206043.6K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2060–2100
ChaddraChadfrom 207543.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
YanheChinauntil 201543.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2015
LiuheChinauntil 197543.5K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
Unnamed centre near CabutaAngolafrom 209043.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
KalegeTanzaniafrom 207543.5K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
QaybeliAfghanistanfrom 206543.5K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
JameecoSomaliafrom 207043.5K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2070–2075
NdukuNigeriafrom 203043.5K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2030–2100
AmaokeNigeriafrom 207543.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2075–2100
ChamuteteAngolafrom 207043.5K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
DikanyEthiopiafrom 204543.5K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
Unnamed centre near KanangaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208543.4K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205543.4K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
Zhen'anChinauntil 203043.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2005
Bu'aaleSomaliafrom 202543.4K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025–2050
Unnamed centre in South SudanSouth Sudanfrom 203043.4K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030, 2040–2045
  • Unnamed 2030–2100
BhongaonIndia1975–210043.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–2010
  • Population jump 2020
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
Bongo-VillageCôte d'Ivoirefrom 208043.4K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2080–2100
Unnamed centre in EthiopiaEthiopiafrom 208543.4K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Bena-KalangalaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203543.4K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
TshipokoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206543.3K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Kwachaga TulianiTanzaniafrom 209043.3K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100