Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 2,401–2,500

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
KizuluDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203545.0K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206044.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
WanghaiChinauntil 198044.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207044.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
TshikulaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206044.9K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
GasachareEthiopiafrom 204544.9K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
MakosaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203044.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Adi Da`IroEthiopiafrom 202044.9K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
TshimbanguDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207044.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Unnamed centre near Mbuji-MayiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206544.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
Mustaba'Yemenfrom 203044.9K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030–2055
At TawilahYemenfrom 202544.9K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025–2045
LuhomberoTanzaniafrom 208544.8K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Deh-e ŞalāḩAfghanistanfrom 205544.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near MapurujayaIndonesiafrom 208544.8K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Inda Aba GunaEthiopiafrom 202044.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2025
M'TsamboroMayottefrom 208544.8K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Nga Yoke TaungMyanmarfrom 202044.8K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2100
  • Tiny footprint 2020–2100
KabkābīyahSudanfrom 207044.8K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
SugözüTurkeyfrom 201544.8K
  • Low confidence 2015, 2025–2100
KiambiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202544.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025–2080
  • Tiny footprint 2025–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208544.8K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
UzbakzahiAfghanistanfrom 210044.8K
  • Low confidence 2100
TortoorowSomaliafrom 205044.8K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050–2065
OksibilIndonesiafrom 203544.8K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
Dhaa'ifoSomaliafrom 206544.7K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Unnamed centre near ShīnḏanḏAfghanistanfrom 204044.7K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Hare GudiEthiopiafrom 206044.7K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2060–2075
YékouaNigerfrom 205044.7K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050
MubangaTanzaniafrom 208544.7K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KeleDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209044.7K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
TarutungIndonesiauntil 198544.7K
  • Low confidence 1975
Camp de Réfugiés de KounougouChadfrom 206544.7K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
GwaMyanmarfrom 204044.7K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
KimpeseDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205544.7K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2055–2070
KalembeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205544.7K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2055–2100
GredayaChadfrom 208044.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205544.6K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2055–2095
  • Tiny footprint 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
`Ozlat HabatYemenfrom 201544.6K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2015–2060
  • Area under 5 km² 2015–2025
  • Small and dense in 2025 2025
Unnamed centre near ToritSouth Sudanfrom 205544.6K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2055–2065
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
LuwuChina1995–201044.6K
  • Low confidence 1995–2010
  • Area under 5 km² 1995–2010
IshwarganjBangladeshuntil 198044.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
WachaEthiopiafrom 203544.6K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
KambundiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209544.6K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
YilongChinauntil 203044.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
IwoNigeriafrom 208044.6K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2080–2100
OgolchoEthiopiafrom 203544.6K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
EnyangChinauntil 202044.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–2000
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2000
LouheChinauntil 198044.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
TebelaEthiopia2000–200044.6K
  • Low confidence 2000
  • Area under 5 km² 2000
MkindiTanzaniafrom 209544.6K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205544.5K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
LemiEthiopiafrom 205544.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
NkoroNigeriafrom 203544.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
LafeyKenyafrom 202544.5K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
SongoSudanfrom 205044.5K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
BulkiEthiopiafrom 203544.5K
  • Low confidence 2045, 2055–2100
ForoEritreafrom 207544.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
DibelayeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207044.5K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
GuézaNigerfrom 209044.5K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2090–2100
Unnamed centre near El DaeinSudanfrom 210044.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
KonaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208044.5K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Unnamed centre near KipambaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209544.5K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
BilunduDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206044.5K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
MugemaMozambiquefrom 208044.5K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
GueredaChadfrom 203544.4K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
FridayNigeriafrom 204044.4K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2095
Kateh GonbadIran2050–209544.4K
  • Low confidence 2050–2095
  • Unnamed 2050–2095
Jabel AamirSudanfrom 202044.4K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2050
ErestinoEthiopiafrom 202544.4K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025–2100
  • Small and dense 2025–2100
KadimbulaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204044.4K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near TshikapaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206044.4K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
As SaqayifYemenfrom 206044.4K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206544.4K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
Al GhadirYemenfrom 203044.4K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030–2050
XikouChina2020–204544.4K
  • Low confidence 2020–2045
MundembaCameroonfrom 204044.4K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
DonglanChina1990–199044.4K
  • Low confidence 1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1990
Ceel-BarafSomaliafrom 205544.3K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2055
KumarkhaliBangladeshuntil 198044.3K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Built share under 1% 1975
Allay BadayEthiopiafrom 206544.3K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2065–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209044.3K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
BongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206544.3K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Xuan'enChinauntil 200544.3K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
AntsalovaMadagascarfrom 210044.3K
  • Low confidence 2100
AsmarAfghanistanfrom 206544.3K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208544.3K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Unnamed centre near TullusSudanfrom 208044.3K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
Kamu-KamuDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208044.3K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
KarukhAfghanistanfrom 207544.3K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
KabongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205044.3K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050–2095
Unnamed centre near Ile-IfeNigeriafrom 203044.2K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030, 2045
  • Unnamed 2030–2100
KhairanYemenfrom 205044.2K
  • Low confidence 2055–2070, 2085–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208044.2K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2080–2085
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
BembeAngolafrom 208044.2K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
MubwabwaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204044.2K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
DhamasoSomaliafrom 205044.2K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050–2100
  • Tiny footprint 2050–2100
TinaSudanfrom 207044.2K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2070–2090
KilangaTanzaniafrom 210044.2K
  • Low confidence 2100
DubaEthiopiafrom 203044.2K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100