Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 2,101–2,200

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
BoocoSomaliafrom 209547.0K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
DingjiaChinauntil 199547.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
MnglaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209047.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
JiangkouChinauntil 202046.9K
  • Low confidence 1975–2020
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2020
  • Tiny footprint 1975–2020
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 206046.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
MugimbiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209546.9K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
FisantkraalSouth Africafrom 207546.9K
  • Low confidence 2100
ShailkupaBangladeshuntil 198546.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
MubiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202546.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025–2040
PatgramBangladesh1975–210046.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
Unnamed centre near AromaSudanfrom 207546.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
EzoSouth Sudanfrom 202546.9K
  • Low confidence 2025–2075
Hamrat El SheikhSudanfrom 205546.9K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
ŌkakAfghanistanfrom 208546.9K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2085
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Unnamed centre near ThattaPakistanfrom 206046.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
ToumourNigerfrom 204046.9K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
Um ShalayaSudanfrom 204546.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
ShengliChinauntil 197546.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
BaghanIranfrom 202546.9K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2025–2100
Unnamed centre near UnaizahSaudi Arabiafrom 203546.8K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Unnamed 2035–2100
GebeitSudanfrom 205046.8K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050–2085
  • Unnamed 2050–2100
BuuraneSomaliafrom 205046.8K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050
Kalume-TumbaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206046.8K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
MbankanaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205046.8K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
AmpasikaMadagascarfrom 206046.8K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Bore HoleKenyafrom 204046.8K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2100
Unnamed centre near Al-HamdaniyaIraqfrom 203046.8K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2030–2100
Er Tsana 1Nigerfrom 206546.8K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Nad AliAfghanistanfrom 208046.8K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Unnamed centre near PepaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204046.8K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Unnamed centre near BukamaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205546.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
MbulunguDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205046.8K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Cambundi CatemboAngolafrom 204546.8K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
KateaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205046.8K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
Unnamed centre near KaminaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205046.7K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2050–2100
PatanPakistanfrom 202546.7K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
KizangaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205046.7K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
MasteriSudanfrom 204046.7K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
ShebeEthiopiafrom 204046.7K
  • Low confidence 2070–2075
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2075
RoufaoNigerfrom 208046.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
KoutouttouréNigerfrom 208046.6K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
KoundjourouChadfrom 205546.6K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
KikumbaitaleTanzaniafrom 210046.6K
  • Low confidence 2100
ZhuxianzhuangChinauntil 200546.6K
  • Low confidence 1975
KigongoTanzaniafrom 210046.6K
  • Low confidence 2100
KatoboloDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209546.6K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
ShouningChina1980–199546.6K
  • Low confidence 1980–1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1980–1995
KouziChinauntil 197546.6K
  • Low confidence 1975
BuullowSomaliafrom 204046.5K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2055
HozaTanzaniafrom 208046.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
MajiEthiopiafrom 209046.5K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
铜梁新城Chinauntil 199046.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1990
KalombeshiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207046.5K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
KhenjanAfghanistanfrom 206546.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
JunlianChinauntil 204046.5K
  • Low confidence 1975
Markaz MudhaykirahYemenfrom 203046.5K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030–2060
Ad DannYemenfrom 204546.5K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2045–2100
WargadudKenyafrom 202046.5K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2100
KisanfuDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205046.5K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
UnryulNorth Koreafrom 199546.5K
  • Low confidence 1995–2005
  • Area under 5 km² 1995–2100
ToumfafiNigerfrom 210046.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
`Ali `Abd AllahYemenfrom 210046.5K
  • Low confidence 2100
Unnamed centre near MwekaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205546.5K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
KarukhAfghanistanfrom 203546.5K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Unnamed centre in MozambiqueMozambiquefrom 206046.4K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
AhtmeEstoniauntil 198046.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
KebangeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206546.4K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Jarso TowerEthiopiafrom 206046.4K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Debre LibanosEthiopiafrom 205046.4K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
Unnamed centre near Trapeang PrasatCambodiafrom 204546.4K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
  • Unnamed 2045–2100
Sangi mashaAfghanistanuntil 201046.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–2010
  • Built share under 1% 1975–2010
FranwaliaGuineafrom 205046.4K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050–2060
AntsirananaMadagascarfrom 206046.4K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
CassanguideAngolafrom 205546.4K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Al JarashahYemenfrom 205046.4K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050
HuseEthiopiafrom 205046.4K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2050–2100
  • Tiny footprint 2050–2100
JemuEthiopiafrom 207046.4K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
GaoshaChinauntil 203546.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2000
KikokaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205546.4K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
CusseAngolafrom 208546.3K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Mullah AllahAfghanistanfrom 206046.3K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
MifuluTanzaniafrom 210046.3K
  • Low confidence 2100
Unnamed centre near KibayaTanzaniafrom 210046.3K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Built share under 1% 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
WerkaEthiopiafrom 204046.3K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Wad AbokSudanfrom 204046.3K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2045
KulaEthiopiafrom 204546.3K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
JaldhakaBangladeshuntil 198546.3K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
KabizoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204546.3K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Ambohimadinika AndafiavaratraMadagascarfrom 209046.3K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
ZhuheChinauntil 201046.3K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
Al KhamisYemenfrom 207046.3K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
RaghAfghanistanfrom 203546.3K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2035–2070
EldasKenyafrom 207046.3K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2070–2100
Gal-HareriSomalia2015–201546.3K
  • Low confidence 2015
  • Area under 5 km² 2015
Unnamed centre near AntanifotsyMadagascarfrom 206546.3K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
Al MasharimYemenfrom 208546.3K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Ch'ObiEthiopiafrom 205046.3K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
KagoteBurundifrom 210046.3K
  • Low confidence 2100
MiranzaiAfghanistanfrom 207046.3K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
SassoumbouroumNigerfrom 205546.2K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100