Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 1,901–2,000

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
KadimanseDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 210048.2K
  • Low confidence 2100
Camp de réfugiés de BirakChadfrom 206548.2K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Zindah JānAfghanistanfrom 210048.1K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
Unnamed centre near AksumEthiopiafrom 209048.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
LutouChinauntil 199048.1K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
  • Tiny footprint 1975–1990
TugayaPhilippinesuntil 200048.1K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Population jump 1995
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1995
DacarahaSomaliafrom 208548.1K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
HarardhereSomaliafrom 200548.1K
  • Low confidence 2005–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2005–2075
Unnamed centre in SomaliaSomaliafrom 209048.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
TaleqanIranfrom 202048.1K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208048.1K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
KabulembeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208548.1K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Dulay` RashidSaudi Arabiafrom 208048.1K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Unnamed centre near Yirga ‘AlemEthiopiafrom 210048.1K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 205548.1K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
FarkharAfghanistanfrom 204048.1K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
AmbositraMadagascarfrom 206048.1K
  • Low confidence 2065–2070, 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
Boukouzawa K'éraouNigerfrom 207548.1K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
CadeygaSomaliafrom 205548.0K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2055–2065
AshiEthiopiafrom 206048.0K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
DembiEthiopiafrom 203048.0K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
BoqondhowSomaliafrom 209048.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KitambalaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204048.0K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
FalamaKenyafrom 210048.0K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Built share under 1% 2100
SokuNigeriafrom 201548.0K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2015–2045
  • Small and dense in 2025 2025
Unnamed centre in Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabiafrom 208548.0K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
ChiuloAngolafrom 207548.0K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
GamaAngolafrom 206548.0K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
KimpangaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204548.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
Unnamed centre in AfghanistanAfghanistanfrom 209048.0K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
TindigaTanzaniafrom 208048.0K
  • Low confidence 2100
Al KhadarYemenfrom 206048.0K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2060
Ar RamadiYemenfrom 203548.0K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2035–2055
SherabSudanfrom 207048.0K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Unnamed centre near MiabiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 210047.9K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2100
Lawng HkangMyanmaruntil 207547.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209047.9K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
Unnamed centre near Chuhar JamaliPakistanfrom 207047.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
Ambodimanga IIMadagascarfrom 209047.9K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
El WuzSudanfrom 207547.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Habil al Jazi`Yemenfrom 202547.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Unnamed centre near DoabaPakistanfrom 206547.9K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
MidiYemenfrom 207547.9K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
SekayuIndonesiauntil 200047.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
JhampirPakistanfrom 207047.9K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Unnamed centre near Al HillahIraqfrom 204047.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Cumaroow IbrahimSomaliafrom 208047.9K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
LaiwuiIndonesiafrom 206047.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
MaageySomaliafrom 207047.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
MonglaBangladeshuntil 201547.9K
  • Low confidence 1975
Kipopo IIDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208547.8K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
SharasYemenfrom 208547.8K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
SundilaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207547.8K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
KajikamunkebwilDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205047.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
CuangarAngolafrom 209547.8K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
ErlangChina1985–199547.8K
  • Low confidence 1985–1990
As SahlahYemenfrom 202047.8K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2020–2060
YouyangChinauntil 203047.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
DaynachIraqfrom 204047.8K
  • Low confidence 2100
ChinazUzbekistanfrom 207547.8K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
KanoniTanzaniafrom 207047.8K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Hijrat QatabirYemenfrom 205547.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near DembaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207547.8K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
Habil ar RaydahYemenfrom 204047.8K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
BishekeTanzaniafrom 209047.8K
  • Low confidence 2100
DongshuanggouChinauntil 201547.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
Pan MyaungMyanmarfrom 207047.8K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
BuhigweTanzaniafrom 207547.8K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Chuhar JamaliPakistanfrom 203547.8K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
AqtashUzbekistanfrom 207047.8K
  • Low confidence 2070
  • Population jump 2085
TshibindaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202047.7K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2025
  • Small and dense 2020–2100
Kuala EnokIndonesiafrom 203547.7K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
LunguzaTanzaniafrom 208047.7K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
MuenakaluDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207047.7K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Unnamed centre near KongoloDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209547.7K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
ZhakouChinauntil 198047.7K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
ZominUzbekistanfrom 203047.7K
  • Low confidence 2030
KulaNigeriafrom 206547.7K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2065–2100
LucungaAngolafrom 209047.7K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
Loange VideoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204547.7K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Ounianga KebirChadfrom 208047.7K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
MichigEthiopiafrom 209547.7K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
MadawaNigerfrom 209047.7K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
Al LagowaSudanuntil 201547.7K
  • Low confidence 1975–2010
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
AmediIraqfrom 208047.6K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
AnderamboukaneMalifrom 206547.6K
  • Low confidence 2100
HebballiIndiauntil 199047.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
  • Tiny footprint 1975–1990
Waghete TigiIndonesiafrom 203547.6K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 209047.6K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2090–2100
UmbanongaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208047.6K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
MafingaTanzaniafrom 203547.6K
  • Low confidence 2035
Al FaoSudanuntil 201047.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
PasabAfghanistanfrom 201547.6K
  • Low confidence 2015–2020, 2030, 2050–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2015–2020
IrbaEthiopiauntil 197547.6K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Built share under 1% 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
KinaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203047.6K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
RebukenPhilippinesuntil 199047.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Population jump 1990
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1990
Unnamed centre near MadagaliCameroonfrom 207547.6K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
MonirampurBangladesh1980–198047.6K
  • Low confidence 1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1980
Unnamed centre near NegolaAngolafrom 208547.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Unnamed centre near Hāgere SelamEthiopiafrom 207547.6K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100