Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 1,701–1,800

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
Ngeya-KalambaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205049.6K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
Ekondo-TitiCameroonfrom 203049.6K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
FenshuiChinauntil 202049.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204049.6K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Unnamed centre near NchelengeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206549.6K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
LaoxinChinauntil 199549.6K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
MuzomboDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205549.6K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
IrangiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202549.6K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
MadghilYemenfrom 208049.5K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Unnamed centre near PanjābAfghanistanfrom 204049.5K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2040–2065
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Unnamed centre near Markaz-e Ḩukūmat-e DarwēshānAfghanistanfrom 208549.5K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
Kolfao HakiniNigerfrom 208549.5K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
MianziTanzaniafrom 209049.5K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Unnamed centre near DingtaoChina1980–200049.5K
  • Low confidence 1980–2000
  • Unnamed 1980–2000
Al MadahijahYemenfrom 206049.5K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Unguwar FawaNigeriauntil 198049.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
  • Tiny footprint 1975–1980
MavingaAngolafrom 205549.5K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
ButeKenyafrom 209549.5K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
MwarusembeTanzaniafrom 206549.5K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
TshiweweDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206049.5K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
قصر بن عقيلSaudi Arabiafrom 207549.5K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
JunghwaNorth Koreauntil 200049.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–2000
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
Unnamed centre near ToliaraMadagascarfrom 202549.5K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2025–2050
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
As SilamatYemenfrom 204049.5K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2040–2050
Bubale IDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206049.4K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Unnamed centre near GobēsaEthiopiafrom 207049.4K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
Al QalahYemenfrom 204049.4K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2040–2090
SadaMayottefrom 203549.4K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near InzariPakistanfrom 204049.4K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
MkindoTanzaniafrom 206549.4K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
IndananPhilippinesuntil 199549.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
  • Population jump 1995
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1995
ChaoyangChinauntil 200049.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–2000
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
  • Tiny footprint 1975–2000
Al MuhallabiyahIraqfrom 205049.4K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
RasadYemenfrom 204549.4K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
LaraDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207549.4K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Unnamed centre near LueboDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206549.4K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
Shērwānī-ye BālāAfghanistanfrom 203549.4K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Unnamed 2035–2100
Ben GardaneTunisia2045–206549.4K
  • Low confidence 2045–2065
TilliaNigerfrom 204049.4K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
Bom JesusAngolafrom 206549.4K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
JunchuanChinauntil 199549.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 202549.4K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
DongoAngolafrom 209049.3K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
GulissoEthiopiafrom 203049.3K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
LubondaieDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 205549.3K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
SarobiAfghanistanfrom 203549.3K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Pir KohPakistanfrom 205549.3K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
KemashiEthiopiafrom 207049.3K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
MbongéCameroonfrom 207549.3K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
QarabāgAfghanistanfrom 202049.3K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2065
  • Tiny footprint 2020–2100
  • Small and dense in 2025 2025
Unnamed centre in EthiopiaEthiopiafrom 206049.3K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2060–2065
  • Unnamed 2060–2100
ChougouleCameroonfrom 209049.3K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
UnphaNorth Korea1975–210049.3K
  • Low confidence 1975–2020
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2100
Avi 2Papua New Guineafrom 207049.3K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 204049.3K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
WagheteIndonesiafrom 205049.3K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Unnamed 2050–2100
MindouliRepublic of the Congofrom 204549.2K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
WulongChinauntil 204549.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–2005
  • Built share under 1% 1975–1980
MionoTanzaniafrom 206549.2K
  • Low confidence 2100
DigEthiopiafrom 204049.2K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2040–2095
  • Small and dense 2040–2100
Unnamed centre near ThattaPakistanfrom 209549.2K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
  • Unnamed 2095–2100
Dū LaīnahAfghanistanfrom 203549.2K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2035–2055
  • Unnamed 2035–2100
Al KhawbahYemenfrom 205549.2K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near TarinkotAfghanistanfrom 202549.2K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2025–2030
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
DongouRepublic of the Congountil 198049.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
Barra do DandeAngolafrom 207049.2K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
LamandaimandaPapua New Guineafrom 207549.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
EwonNigeriafrom 204549.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Unnamed centre near DowlatyārAfghanistanfrom 206549.2K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
NyoniéGabonfrom 209049.2K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KatendeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 207549.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Al KhabaniyahYemenfrom 205049.2K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
BunkondeDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203549.2K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
TambaurIndiauntil 197549.1K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
LumejeAngolafrom 202549.1K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
GaladimawaNigerfrom 207049.1K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
AmbodipontMadagascarfrom 210049.1K
  • Low confidence 2100
GamaAngolafrom 205549.1K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
GetemaEthiopiafrom 205049.1K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
LutemboAngolafrom 207549.1K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
KalaitChadfrom 203049.1K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
DambaAngolafrom 204049.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
Unnamed centre near KitweZambiafrom 207549.0K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
MgoloTanzaniafrom 210049.0K
  • Low confidence 2100
Adel BagrouMauritaniafrom 203549.0K
  • Low confidence 2100
MaozuiChinauntil 198549.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
  • Tiny footprint 1975–1985
Unnamed centre near QuinzauAngolafrom 208049.0K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
TailaoshanChinauntil 200549.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–1995
BujelaTanzaniafrom 207549.0K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
KataylaSudanfrom 206049.0K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Unnamed centre near El DaeinSudanfrom 204049.0K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Unnamed 2040–2100
Deh KhwahanAfghanistanfrom 208049.0K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Unnamed centre near FarahAfghanistanfrom 207549.0K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
IribaChadfrom 204049.0K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Sapo-BumbaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203049.0K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
Tikil DingayEthiopiafrom 202049.0K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020–2030
ĀfdemEthiopiafrom 208048.9K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2080–2100
Unnamed centre near IhosyMadagascarfrom 202548.9K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2025
  • Unnamed 2025–2100
Unnamed centre in Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206548.9K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
LucalaAngolafrom 204548.9K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100