Data & methods

Data review

Nothing is filtered out of The Urban World. Every urban centre in GHS-WUP R2025A appears in the rankings, search, the directory and on the map, with the figures JRC published and their confidence beside them.

This page lists the centres that trip at least one diagnostic rule: low confidence, population jumps, tiny or barely built footprints, missing names. It is the working surface for deciding whether a curation rule is ever needed. How each rule is defined.

5,563 of 21,777 urban centres trip at least one rule.

JRC confidence 0: population outside 25-400% of the ensemble estimate

3,475 centres flagged low confidence· showing 901–1,000

Urban centre Country Exists Population Rules (epochs)
As Safa'Yemenfrom 204064.9K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2040–2060
Bhimber GaliIndiafrom 201564.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2015
ToamasinaMadagascarfrom 202064.9K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
KashobweDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202064.9K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
고산리North Korea1975–210064.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–2015
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
El HawataSudan1975–210064.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
IkaunaIndia2000–201564.8K
  • Low confidence 2000–2010
  • Area under 5 km² 2000–2005
CaxitoAngola1975–210064.8K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
Unnamed centre near Āsbe TeferīEthiopiafrom 205564.8K
  • Low confidence 2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
MbalalMauritaniafrom 210064.7K
  • Low confidence 2100
MaholiIndia1985–201564.6K
  • Low confidence 2010
MahmudabadIndia1975–210064.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
  • Population jump 2020
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
Kara-BaltaKyrgyzstanfrom 202564.4K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
BongaoPhilippinesuntil 200564.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
Balamau JunctionIndiauntil 201564.2K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985, 2005–2010
LukonaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 210064.1K
  • Low confidence 2100
HaysYemenfrom 201564.1K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
VriseraAlbaniauntil 197564.0K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Built share under 1% 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
TshauDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 208563.9K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Bungu MsigaTanzaniafrom 206063.9K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
DjuluDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202063.7K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
FutangChina1985–200063.7K
  • Low confidence 1985–1990
  • Built share under 1% 1985–1990
DalaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 206063.7K
  • Low confidence 2100
Unnamed centre in South SudanSouth Sudanfrom 206563.6K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
MahavanonaMadagascarfrom 204563.6K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
Qadir Dino ShahPakistanfrom 208563.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
The underground borderIraqfrom 201563.5K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
Unnamed centre near LueboDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203063.5K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
  • Unnamed 2030–2100
MulungwishiDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203063.5K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
BirganjBangladesh1975–210063.4K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980
MussendeAngolafrom 202063.4K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Garas-BaxaarSomaliafrom 209063.3K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
KhanichIraqfrom 202063.3K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
MeichuanChinauntil 207563.3K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975
ShiraEthiopiafrom 201563.3K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
KarhunduDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203563.2K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
Haji Mohammad JokhioPakistanfrom 209063.1K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100
SiyahgirdAfghanistanfrom 200563.1K
  • Low confidence 2005–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2005–2025
KihingaTanzaniafrom 209563.0K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
BeburjakAfghanistanfrom 207563.0K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
SheikhSomaliafrom 202063.0K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020
Unnamed centre near AllāhganjIndiauntil 201562.9K
  • Low confidence 1975–2015
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
  • Unnamed 1975–2015
BozeneDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 199562.9K
  • Low confidence 1995–2005
JoloPhilippinesuntil 204062.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
Yel GuiézaNigerfrom 210062.7K
  • Low confidence 2100
ShikarpurIndia1975–210062.7K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1985
HussainabadPakistanfrom 208062.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
ChelelektuEthiopiafrom 203062.6K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
Khake JabarAfghanistanfrom 208562.6K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
VohipahoMadagascarfrom 208062.6K
  • Low confidence 2080–2100
  • Unnamed 2080–2100
MidegaEthiopiafrom 207062.6K
  • Low confidence 2100
MingidukiriNigeriafrom 201062.5K
  • Low confidence 2010–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2025–2030
  • Area under 5 km² 2010–2020
Unnamed centre near Chuhar JamaliPakistanfrom 207062.4K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
HadadahYemenfrom 203562.4K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
NarailBangladesh1975–210062.4K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Built share under 1% 1975
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 204562.3K
  • Low confidence 2045–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2045–2055
  • Unnamed 2045–2100
Kan Htaunt GyiMyanmarfrom 202062.3K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020
HargeleEthiopiafrom 201562.3K
  • Low confidence 2015–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2015–2030
ChangningChinauntil 206562.3K
  • Low confidence 1975–1990
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1990
WenagoEthiopiafrom 202062.2K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Population jump 2030
NyandiraTanzaniafrom 206562.2K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Al JurahYemenfrom 202562.1K
  • Low confidence 2025–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2025–2100
Māmā KhēlAfghanistanfrom 205562.1K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
Unnamed centre near PasābandAfghanistanfrom 203062.1K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030–2060
  • Unnamed 2030–2100
KarhalIndia1975–210062.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–1980, 1995
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1995
ArzuiyehIranfrom 201061.9K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2010–2035
BianouanCôte d'Ivoirefrom 207061.8K
  • Low confidence 2095–2100
MecharaEthiopiafrom 202061.8K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Area under 5 km² 2020
MualaMozambiquefrom 202061.7K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2020–2030
NóquiAngolafrom 208561.7K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
  • Unnamed 2085–2100
NefasitEritreafrom 201061.7K
  • Low confidence 2010–2100
Unnamed centre near SoniTanzaniafrom 207561.5K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
  • Unnamed 2075–2100
MoursougounouNigerfrom 208561.5K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
ChireEthiopiafrom 203561.5K
  • Low confidence 2035–2100
Unnamed centre in SudanSudanfrom 205561.5K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2055–2080
  • Unnamed 2055–2100
ShamsabadIndia1975–210061.5K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–2000
ShanyangChinauntil 206561.4K
  • Low confidence 1975
  • Area under 5 km² 1975–1980
BarkitanrIndiafrom 202061.4K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2020
Xaaji-CaliSomaliafrom 207061.4K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
KwemhanyaTanzaniafrom 208561.4K
  • Low confidence 2085–2100
Nawab GanjIndia1985–201561.3K
  • Low confidence 1985–2010
  • Area under 5 km² 1985–1990
Unnamed centre near TaywarahAfghanistanfrom 207061.2K
  • Low confidence 2070–2100
  • Unnamed 2070–2100
DubahYemenfrom 203061.2K
  • Low confidence 2030–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2030–2070
Al GhaylYemenfrom 205561.1K
  • Low confidence 2055–2100
MyebonMyanmarfrom 202061.0K
  • Low confidence 2020–2100
Nyaung ShweMyanmar1975–210061.0K
  • Low confidence 1975
BundasAngolafrom 202061.0K
  • Low confidence 2060–2100
Unnamed centre near QuchanghīAfghanistanfrom 205061.0K
  • Low confidence 2050–2100
  • Built share under 1% 2050–2060
  • Unnamed 2050–2100
RiwonNorth Koreauntil 201561.0K
  • Low confidence 1975–2010
CalandulaAngolafrom 204561.0K
  • Low confidence 2075–2100
ChibinangIndiafrom 199061.0K
  • Low confidence 2000–2005
EzoSouth Sudan2010–201560.9K
  • Low confidence 2010–2015
  • Area under 5 km² 2010
Unnamed centre near NayakAfghanistanfrom 206560.9K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
  • Unnamed 2065–2100
MopanguDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 203560.9K
  • Low confidence 2065–2100
Unnamed centre near DingtaoChina2010–203060.9K
  • Low confidence 2010
  • Unnamed 2010–2030
GurapIndiauntil 197560.8K
  • Low confidence 1975
SinhungNorth Koreauntil 209560.8K
  • Low confidence 1975–1985
RamaEthiopiafrom 201060.8K
  • Low confidence 2010–2100
MitwabaDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom 202560.8K
  • Low confidence 2040–2100
KigambaTanzaniafrom 209060.7K
  • Low confidence 2090–2100